Describe the endocrine system, including the location of the pituitary, pancreas, thyroid, aderenal gland, ovary and testis and the role of hormones
State that blood glucose concentration is monitored and controlled by the pancreas
Describe the body’s response when blood glucose concentration is too high
Explain what type 1 and type 2 diabetes are and how they are treated
HT ONLY: Describe the body’s response when blood glucose concentration is too low
HT ONLY: Explain how glucagon interacts with insulin to control blood glucose levels in the body
Describe how water, ions and urea are lost from the body
Describe the consequences of losing or gaining too much water for body cells
HT ONLY: Recall that protein digestion leads to excess amino acids inside the body and describe what happens to these
Describe how the kidneys produce urine
HT ONLY: Describe the effect of ADH on the permeability of the kidney tubules and explain how the water level in the body is controlled by ADH
Describe how kidney failure can be treated by organ transplant or dialysis and recall the basic principles of dialysis
Describe what happens at puberty in males and females, inc knowledge of reproductive hormones
Describe the roles of the hormones involved in the menstrual cycle (FSH, LH and oestrogen)
HT ONLY: Explain how the different hormones interact to control the menstrual cycle and ovulation
Describe how fertility can be controlled by hormonal and non-hormonal methods of contraception (giving specific examples from the spec)
HT ONLY: Explain how hormones are used to treat infertility, inc the steps in IVF
HT ONLY: Evaluate the risks and benefits of fertility treatments
HT ONLY: Describe the functions of adrenaline and thyroxine in the body, and recall where they are produced
HT ONLY: Explain the roles of thyroxine and adrenaline in the body as negative feedback systems
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